The very POWERFUL the Solar Irradiated planet surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon: ( N*cp )1/16
We do the planets and moons surface temperatures comparison.
The presence of atmosphere doesn't warm Earth's surface.
It is the other reasons, not the presence of atmosphere, that make Earth warmer than the Moon by +68°C.
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Io
Europa
(Tio /Teuropa) the Φ
(Tio /Teuropa) the Φ
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Io:
Io’s (Jupiter’s satellite)
Surface temp.
min mean max Surface
90 K 110 K 130 K[10]
Io’s albedo:
aio = 0,63
Io is a rocky planet without atmosphere heavy cratered, Most of Io's surface is composed of sulfur and sulfur dioxide frost. Cp.sulfur = 0,17 cal/gr.oC, Cp.sulfur.dioxide = 0,12 cal/gr.oC cp.io = 0,17 cal/gr.oC *0,5 + 0,12 cal/gr.oC *0,5 =
cp.io = 0,145 cal/gr.oC
1/R² = 1/5,2044² = 0,0369 times lesser is the solar irradiation on Jupiter than that on Earth, the same on its satellite Io.
Io’s orbital period is 1,799 days.
Io’s sidereal rotation period is synchronous.
N = 1/1,799 rotations/per day
Tsat.mean.io = 110 K (- 163 oC)
Link:
"With over 400 active volcanoes, Io is the most geologically active object in the Solar System."
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Let's apply the Planet Surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon to the (Io /Europa) Mean Surface Temperatures COMPARISON issue:
(Tio /Teuropa) = 110K /102K
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The Solar Irradiated Planet Surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon states:
Planets' (without atmosphere, or with a thin atmosphere) the mean surface temperatures RELATE (everything else equals) as their (N*cp) products' SIXTEENTH ROOT.
( N*cp ) ^1/16
or
[ (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ] ¹∕ ⁴
Where N - rotations/day, is the planet's axial spin .
cp - cal/gr*oC, is the planet's average surface specific heat.
This discovery has explained the origin of the formerly observed the planets' average surface temperatures comparison discrepancies.
Earth is warmer than Moon because Earth rotates faster than Moon and because Earth’s surface is covered with water.
What we do in our research is to compare the satellite measured planetary temperatures.
The Solar Irradiated Planet Surface Rotational Warming Phenomenon can be expressed now also QUANTITATIVELY.
And it happens so to be a very POWERFUL the planet surface warming factor.
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Europa:
Tmean.europa = 102 K
Europa’s albedo: aeuropa = 0,63
Europa is an ice-crust planet (rocky) without atmosphere, Europa’s surface consists of water ice crust
Cp.europa = 1cal/gr*oC
1/R² = 1/5,2044² = 0,0369 times lesser is the solar irradiation on Jupiter than that on Earth, the same on its satellite Europa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)
Europa’s orbital period is 3,5512 d
Europa’s sidereal rotation period is synchronous
N = 1/3,5512 rotation /day
Tsat.mean.europa = 102 K (- 171 oC)
Link:
"Europa has the smoothest surface of any known solid object in the Solar System. The apparent youth and smoothness of the surface have led to the hypothesis that a water ocean exists beneath the surface, which could conceivably harbor extraterrestrial life."
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Let's proceed:
Io and Europa have the same average surface Albedo
a = 0,63
Also, Io and Europa both are Jupiter's satellites, so, they both are solar irradiated with the same intensity solar flux, since both are at the same distance from the sun.
Thus the
Comparison Coefficient: [ (1-a) So (1/R²) (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴
is simplified to:
[ (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴
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Io:
[ (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴
[ (1/1,799)*0,145)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴ =
[ (0,08060)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴ = 0,854370
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Europa:
[ (N*cp)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴
[ (1/1,35512)*1)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴ =
[ (0,7379420)¹∕ ⁴ ]¹∕ ⁴ = 0,9811861
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(Coefficients Comparison)
0,854370 /0,9811861 = 0,870752
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Tio /Teuropa = 110K /102K = 1,07843
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The Φ:
(Tio /Teuropa) /(Coefficients Comparison) =
1,07843 /0,870752 = 1,2385057
and
Φ = ( 1 /1,2385057) ⁴ = 0,4250
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