Earth's atmosphere has only traces of carbon dioxide CO₂ gas content

CO content in Earth's atmosphere is measured to be some 400 ppm.

400 parts per million is one part per 2.500 (1.000.000 /400 = 2.500)

So we have one molecule of CO for every 2.500 molecules of air.

Or to make it even more clear: 1 /2.500 = 0,0004 or 0,04 %

Now let's compare the 0,04% CO content in Earth's atmosphere with the water vapor content of about 1% on average.

0,04% CO /1% HO = 0,04

or one molecule of CO for every 25 molecules of HO in Earth's atmosphere.

One may say there are still too many CO molecules.

But Earth's atmosphere is very thin, it is an almost transparent atmosphere in both ways - in and out.

It is not only the CO% content in the Earth's atmosphere general content that matters, but we have also to consider how many CO molecules are in Earth's atmosphere in total.

If Earth's atmosphere was consisted from the actually existing CO molecules only, the atmospheric pressure on the Earth's surface would have been 0,0004 bar.

THERE WAS NO RADIATION BELOW THE WAVELENGHT about 310 nm AT THE ULTRAVIOLET END OF THE SPECTRUM

Ozone layer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

“Ozone-oxygen cycle in the ozone layer. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth’s stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation. It contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth’s atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 15 to 35 kilometers (9.3 to 21.7 mi) above Earth, although its thickness varies seasonally and geographically.[1] The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson. Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation sent out from its surface and reaching the ground on Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black body with a temperature in the range of 5,500–6,000 K (5,227 to 5,727 °C), except that there was no radiation below a wavelength of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet end of the spectrum. It was deduced that the missing radiation was being absorbed by something in the atmosphere. Eventually the spectrum of the missing radiation was matched to only one known chemical, ozone.[2] Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple spectrophotometer (the Dobsonmeter) that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. Between 1928 and 1958, Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations, which continue to operate to this day. The “Dobson unit”, a convenient measure of the amount of ozone overhead, is named in his honor. The ozone layer absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun’s medium-frequency ultraviolet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms near the surface.[3]”

The comment:

(THE EMPHASIS IS MINE)

“The ozone layer contains less than 10 PARTS PER MILLION of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth’s atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million.”

“Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation sent out from its surface and reaching the ground on Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black body with a temperature in the range of 5,500–6,000 K (5,227 to 5,727 °C), except that THERE WAS NO RADIATION below a wavelength of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet end of the spectrum. IT WAS DEDUCED that the missing radiation was being absorbed by something in the atmosphere.”

So THERE WAS NO RADIATION BELOW THE WAVELENGHT about 310 nm AT THE ULTRAVIOLET END OF THE SPECTRUM.

So it was DEDUCED… that THE MISSING RADIATION was being ABSORBED by SOMETHING in the atmosphere.

“About 90 percent of the ozone in the atmosphere is contained in the stratosphere. Ozone concentrations are greatest between about 20 and 40 kilometers (66,000 and 131,000 ft), where they range from about 2 to 8 parts per million. If all of the ozone were compressed to the pressure of the air at sea level, it would be only 3 millimeters (1⁄8 inch) thick. [6]” ”

“Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the sun. Extremely short or vacuum UV (10–100 nm) is screened out by nitrogen. UV radiation capable of penetrating nitrogen is divided into three categories, based on its wavelength; these are referred to as UV-A (400–315 nm), UV-B (315–280 nm), and UV-C (280–100 nm). UV-C, which is very harmful to all living things, is entirely screened out by a combination of dioxygen ( about 200 nm) by around 35 kilometres (115,000 ft) altitude. UV-B radiation can be harmful to the skin and is the main cause of sunburn; excessive exposure can also cause cataracts, immune system suppression, and genetic damage, resulting in problems such as skin cancer. The ozone layer (which absorbs from about 200 nm to 310 nm with a maximal absorption at about 250 nm)[7] is very effective at screening out UV-B; for radiation with a wavelength of 290 nm, the intensity at the top of the atmosphere is 350 MILLION TIMES STRONGER than at the Earth’s surface. Nevertheless, some UV-B, particularly at its longest wavelengths, reaches the surface, and is important for the skin’s production of vitamin D. Ozone is transparent to most UV-A, so most of this longer-wavelength UV radiation reaches the surface, and it constitutes most of the UV reaching the Earth. This type of UV radiation is significantly less harmful to DNA, although it may still potentially cause physical damage, premature aging of the skin, indirect genetic damage, and skin cancer.[8]”

“the intensity at the top of the atmosphere is 350 MILLION TIMES STRONGER than at the Earth’s surface.”

The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone.

So 10 ppm of ozone in ozone layer, in the stratosphere, where the atmosphere is very much thinner than at the Earth’s surface…

This 10 ppm of ozone in ozone layer SCREEN OUT UV-B 350 MILLION TIMES STRONGER than at the Earth’s surface.

When science accepted that, it was very easy then to make the NEXT STEP and ACCEPT that the 400 ppm CO2 may cause a major greenhouse warming effect on Earth’s surface.

So THERE WAS NO RADIATION BELOW THE WAVELENGHT about 310 nm AT THE ULTRAVIOLET END OF THE SPECTRUM.

So it was DEDUCED… that THE MISSING RADIATION was being ABSORBED by SOMETHING in the atmosphere.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer

From Wikipedia:

For Planet Mars

Atmosphere[10][15]

Surface pressure 0.636 (0.4–0.87) kPa 0.00628 atm

Composition by volume

95.97% carbon dioxide

1.93% argon

1.89% nitrogen

0.146% oxygen

0.0557% carbon monoxide

0.0210% water vapor

0.0100% nitrogen oxide

0.00025% neon

0.00008% hydrogen deuterium oxide

0.00003% krypton

0.00001% xenon

The effective temperature, or black body temperature, of the Sun (5777 K) is the temperature a black body of the same size must have to yield the same total emissive power. By Lsmpascal - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18142714

The effective temperature, or black body temperature, of the Sun (5777 K) is the temperature a black body of the same size must have to yield the same total emissive power. By Lsmpascal - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18142714

Mars' and Earth's carbon dioxide CO2 gas planet atmosphere partial pressure comparison

Mars' and Earth's carbon dioxide CO2 gas planet atmosphere partial pressure comparison

The partial carbon dioxide pressure in Earth's atmosphere is 0,0004 bar.

The atmosphere pressure on Mars is 0,636 kPa or 0,00636 bar.

The partial carbon dioxide pressure in Mars' atmosphere is

0,00636 bar * 95,97% CO2/100% = 0,00610 bar

Let's compare: Mars CO2 /Earth CO2 = 0,00610 bar /0,0004 bar = 15,26

Conclusion:

Mars has 15,26 times higher CO2 partial pressure content.

What it means? It means that per planet surface square meter Mars has

15,26 times more than Earth carbon dioxide molecules.

From Wikipedia for planet Mars:

Atmosphere[10][15]

Surface pressure 0.636 (0.4–0.87) kPa 0.00628 atm

Composition by volume

95.97% carbon dioxide

1.93% argon

1.89% nitrogen

0.146% oxygen

0.0557% carbon monoxide

0.0210% water vapor

0.0100% nitrogen oxide

0.00025% neon

0.00008% hydrogen deuterium oxide

0.00003% krypton

0.00001% xenon

The Earth seen from Apollo 17

The Earth seen from Apollo 17

For the past six years I have been concerned about global warming. As an engineer, I could not accept that such a small proportion of the atmosphere (CO2 0.04 %) of greenhouse gas should have the enormous importance for the climate attributed to it. This finding, namely that carbon dioxide is in too small a quantity so as not to cause any effect on the climate, has been concluded by thousands of scientists, but also by the non-scientists...